Boussinesq-type gravity waves appear to accurately describe vertical motion in granular flows found in geophysics.
surface waves & tides
Wave Ripples Spaced by Flow Downstream of Ripple Peaks
The well-known ratio between sand ripple spacing and wave-driven flow oscillations may be dictated by flow dynamics downstream of ripple crests.
Wave Energy Affects the Surf Zone Heat Budget
A study of water temperature in nearshore environments shows that wave energy was the second-largest driver of temperature changes in the surf zone.
Flood Risk from Storm Surge is Increasing in New York
Rediscovered historical records of sea level in New York Harbor show the increasing threat of storm surges.
