The warm-phase spatial patterns of (top) Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and (bottom) Interdecadal Pacific Variability (IPV). AMV results are the regression pattern of monthly sea temperatures on the AMV index, and IPV results are the regression pattern for the IPV index. The color scale units are degrees Celsius per standard deviation of the respective index. Credit: (top) Giorgiogp2; (bottom) Giorgiogp2, CC BY-SA 3.0